This document will help you understand the individual components required for
a computer network, and how they work together. To learn how a network is used,
refer to What are the Benefits of a Computer
Network?
What Is a Network?
A network is created when two or more computers are connected to share
information and resources.
Basic Components
- Cables - carry electronic signals from one computer to
another
- Connectors - attach cables to network interface cards
- Hub(s) - connects all computers in a network to each other
and helps direct messages to appropriate recipients; as more users join the
network, more hubs may be added
- Individual computers - for users to compose and retrieve
data
- Protocol - accepted common format (i.e., computer language)
that all computers on a network use to transmit data. There are many standard
protocols, among them: AppleTalk, Ethernet, NetBEUI, and TCP/IP
- Network Interface Cards (NICs) - inserted into each computer
(some newer models will come with the cards already in place) to enable the
computers to send and receive messages; this is where the cables will be connected
- Network Software - computer applications used to operate
the network and its many components
- Server - computer which is the central data storage unit
for the network; all other computers connected to the network work off of
the server
Basic Set-up
The basic concept of networking is quite simple. The computers are usually
connected via cables* to a central hub.
*Large networks also use satellites and radio waves to cover great distances.
Network Size
Networks are often categorized according to their size. Wide Area Networks
(WANs) refer to networks that extend beyond a single building, such as those
that cover school campuses or entire cities. WANs are also used for cross-country
and global communications.
Most organizations reading this document will likely want a Local Area Network
(LAN). For more information, refer to Understanding
LANs. |
